
Standard resistance 
If the result is not as specified, replace the knock sensor.
Removal
InstallationIntake air temperature circuit malfunction
Description
The intake air temperature (iat) sensor, mounted on the mass air flow (maf)
meter, monitors the iat.
The iat sensor has a built-in thermistor with a resistance that varies according
to the temperature of the
intake air. When the iat is low, the resistance of the thermist ...
Symptom simulation
Hint:
The most difficult case in troubleshooting is when no
problem symptoms occur. In such a case, a thorough
problem analysis must be carried out. A simulation of the
same or similar conditions and environment in which the
problem occurred in the customer's vehicle should be
carried out. No ...
Diaphragm oil seal
Components
Removal
Drain differential oil
Using a 10 mm socket hexagon wrench, remove the
rear differential drain plug and gasket, and drain the
oil.
Install a new gasket to the rear differential drain
plug.
Using a 10 mm socket hexagon wrench, install the
rear differe ...